Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Loss of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Expression Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer: Hong Sik Park, Uiju Cho, So Young Im, Chang Young Yoo, Ji Han Jung, Young Jin Suh, Hyun Joo Choi; J Pathol Transl Med. 2019;53(2):75-85. Published online November 14, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2018.10.11

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Background
Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules play important roles in regulating immune responses. Loss or reduction of HLA-I expression has been shown to be associated with prognosis in several cancers. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) also play critical functions in immune response regulation. Evaluation of HLA-I expression status by the EMR8-5 antibody and its clinical impact in breast cancer have not been well studied, and its relationship with Tregs remains unclear.
Methods
We evaluated HLA-I expression and Treg infiltration by immunohistochemistry in 465 surgically resected breast cancer samples. We examined the correlation between HLA-I expression and Treg infiltration and clinicopathologic characteristics and survival analyses were performed.
Results
Total loss of HLA-I expression was found in 84 breast cancer samples (18.1%). Univariate survival analysis revealed that loss of HLA-I expression was significantly associated with worse disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = .029). HLA-I was not an independent prognostic factor in the entire patient group, but it was an adverse independent prognostic factor for DSS in patients with advanced disease (stage II–IV) (p = .031). Treg numbers were significantly higher in the intratumoral stroma of HLA-I–positive tumors than in HLA-I–negative tumors (median 6.3 cells/high power field vs 2.1 cells/high power field, p < .001). However, Tregs were not an independent prognostic factor in our cohort.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the loss of HLA-I expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, highlighting the role of HLA-I alterations in immune evasion mechanisms of breast cancer. HLA-I could be a promising marker that enables the application of more effective and precise immunotherapies for patients with advanced breast cancer.

Citations

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Comment on “Prognostic and Clinical Significance of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Expression in Breast Cancer: A Meta‑Analysis”
Wei Han, Li-zhou Shi, Yu-wei Zhang, Hao-nan Wang
Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy.2024; 28(2): 237. CrossRef
Immunotherapy resistance in solid tumors: mechanisms and potential solutions
Daniel S. Lefler, Steven A. Manobianco, Babar Bashir
Cancer Biology & Therapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Cancer Immunology: Immune Escape of Tumors—Expression and Regulation of HLA Class I Molecules and Its Role in Immunotherapies
Yuan Wang, Simon Jasinski-Bergner, Claudia Wickenhauser, Barbara Seliger
Advances in Anatomic Pathology.2023; 30(3): 148. CrossRef
In Silico Pipeline to Identify Tumor-Specific Antigens for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Exome Sequencing Data
Diego Morazán-Fernández, Javier Mora, Jose Arturo Molina-Mora
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Prognostic and Clinical Significance of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Expression in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Weiqiang Qiao, Zhiqiang Jia, Wanying Guo, Qipeng Liu, Xiao Guo, Miao Deng
Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy.2023; 27(5): 573. CrossRef
Challenges and solutions for therapeuticTCR‐based agents
Manish Malviya, Zita E. H. Aretz, Zaki Molvi, Jayop Lee, Stephanie Pierre, Patrick Wallisch, Tao Dao, David A. Scheinberg
Immunological Reviews.2023; 320(1): 58. CrossRef
Molecular mechanisms of impaired antigenic presentation as a cause of tumor escape from immune surveillance
A.A. Korotaeva, A.A. Borunova, A.Yu. Kuzevanova, T.N. Zabotina, A.A. Alimov
Arkhiv patologii.2023; 85(6): 76. CrossRef
Immune Escape Mechanism of Cancer
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Current Molecular Biology Reports.2023; 10(1): 9. CrossRef
Upregulation of MHC I Antigen Processing Machinery Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cells by Trichostatin A
A. H. Murtadha, N. A. Sharudin, I. I. M. Azahar, A. T. Che Has, N. F. Mokhtar
Molecular Biology.2023; 57(6): 1212. CrossRef
Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Antigen-Processing Machinery Upregulation by Anticancer Therapies in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors
Ananthan Sadagopan, Theodoros Michelakos, Gabriella Boyiadzis, Cristina Ferrone, Soldano Ferrone
JAMA Oncology.2022; 8(3): 462. CrossRef
Mechanisms of MHC-I Downregulation and Role in Immunotherapy Response
Brandie C. Taylor, Justin M. Balko
Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Resistance Mechanisms and Future Perspectives
Ioannis A. Vathiotis, Ioannis Trontzas, Niki Gavrielatou, Georgia Gomatou, Nikolaos K. Syrigos, Elias A. Kotteas
Clinical Breast Cancer.2022; 22(7): 642. CrossRef
Aberrant synaptophysin expression in classic Hodgkin lymphoma
Soyoung Im, Jeong-A. Kim, Gyeongsin Park, Uiju Cho
Diagnostic Pathology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Expression of HLA class I is associated with immune cell infiltration and patient outcome in breast cancer
Song-Hee Han, Milim Kim, Yul Ri Chung, Ji Won Woo, Hye Yeon Choi, So Yeon Park
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Immune landscape and therapeutic strategies: new insights into PD-L1 in tumors
Yuan Wei, Xiao Xiao, Xiang-Ming Lao, Limin Zheng, Dong-Ming Kuang
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.2021; 78(3): 867. CrossRef
Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer
Leisha A Emens, Sylvia Adams, Ashley Cimino-Mathews, Mary L Disis, Margaret E Gatti-Mays, Alice Y Ho, Kevin Kalinsky, Heather L McArthur, Elizabeth A Mittendorf, Rita Nanda, David B Page, Hope S Rugo, Krista M Rubin, Hatem Soliman, Patricia A Spears, Sara
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer.2021; 9(8): e002597. CrossRef
Resistance mechanisms to checkpoint inhibitors
Sarah A Weiss, Mario Sznol
Current Opinion in Immunology.2021; 69: 47. CrossRef
The Immunology of Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer
Jonathan Goldberg, Ricardo G. Pastorello, Tuulia Vallius, Janae Davis, Yvonne Xiaoyong Cui, Judith Agudo, Adrienne G. Waks, Tanya Keenan, Sandra S. McAllister, Sara M. Tolaney, Elizabeth A. Mittendorf, Jennifer L. Guerriero
Frontiers in Immunology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
B4GALNT2 Gene Promotes Proliferation, and Invasiveness and Migration Abilities of Model Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells by Interacting With HLA-B Protein
Pu Yu, Lili Zhu, Kang Cui, Yabing Du, Chaojie Zhang, Wang Ma, Jia Guo
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Recurrence biomarkers of triple negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and anti-EGFR antibodies
Nina Radosevic-Robin, Pier Selenica, Yingjie Zhu, Helen H. Won, Michael F. Berger, Lorenzo Ferrando, Emiliano Cocco, Maud Privat, Flora Ponelle-Chachuat, Catherine Abrial, Jean-Marc Nabholtz, Frederique Penault-Llorca, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Maurizio Scaltr
npj Breast Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Beyond an era of chemoradiation?
Liam Masterson, James Howard, Jazmina Gonzalez‐Cruz, Christopher Jackson, Catherine Barnett, Lewis Overton, Howard Liu, Rahul Ladwa, Fiona Simpson, Margie McGrath, Ben Wallwork, Terry Jones, Christian Ottensmeier, Melvin L.K. Chua, Chris Perry, Rajiv Khan
International Journal of Cancer.2020; 146(8): 2305. CrossRef
Co-expression of HLA-I loci improved prognostication in HER2+ breast cancers
Julia Y. Tsang, Chun-Sing Ho, Yun-Bi Ni, Yan Shao, Ivan K. Poon, Siu-Ki Chan, Sai-Yin Cheung, Ka-Ho Shea, Monalyn Marabi, Gary M. Tse
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.2020; 69(5): 799. CrossRef
Breast cancer patients overall survival depends on a combination of the polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor gene and HLA-haplotypes
T.F. Malivanova, E.V. Alferova, A.S. Ostashkin, T.A. Astrelina, N.N. Mazurenko
Molecular Genetics Microbiology and Virology (Russian version).2020; 38(1): 40. CrossRef
The Overall Survival of Breast Cancer Patients Depends on a Combination of Polymorphisms of Tumor Necrosis Factor Gene and HLA Haplotypes
T. F. Malivanova, E. V. Alferova, A. S. Ostashkin, T. A. Astrelina, N. N. Mazurenko
Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology.2020; 35(1): 38. CrossRef
The Emergence of Natural Killer Cells as a Major Target in Cancer Immunotherapy
Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes, Joseph Cursons, Nicholas D. Huntington
Trends in Immunology.2019; 40(2): 142. CrossRef

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Follicular Neoplasm: Cytohistologic Correlation and Accuracy: Changyoung Yoo, Hyun Joo Choi, Soyoung Im, Ji Han Jung, Kiouk Min, Chang Suk Kang, Young-Jin Suh; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(1):61-66. Published online February 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.1.61

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Abstract PDF

Background

This study evaluated the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in cases of follicular neoplasm (FN) on the basis of histologic diagnosis, and reviewed the cytologic findings of FN according to the FNAC.

Methods

Among the 66 cases diagnosed with thyroid FN by FNAC during the 7-year period from 2003 to 2009, 36 cases that had undergone thyroid surgery were available for review. Cytologic diagnosis was compared with the histologic diagnosis of each case.

Results

Among the 36 cases with a cytologic diagnosis of thyroid FN, histologic diagnosis was as follows: 20 follicular adenomas (55.6%), 3 Hurthle cell adenomas (8.3%), 2 follicular carcinomas (5.6%), 8 nodular goiters (22.2%), 2 papillary carcinomas (5.6%), and 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (2.8%), resulting in a diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for thyroid FN of 69.5%.

Conclusions

This study shows that FNAC for thyroid FN is a useful primary screening method because when FN is diagnosed by FNAC, the rate of FN histologic diagnosis is relatively high, however, adequate sampling and experience is a prerequisite for this procedure.

Citations

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Prevalence and Predictors of Malignancy in Contralateral Thyroid Lobe in Patients Undergoing Completion Thyroidectomy
Pradipta Kumar Parida, Siddhartha Pradhan, Chapity Preetam, Pradeep Pradhan, Dillip Kumar Samal, Saurav Sarkar
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2022; 74(S2): 2053. CrossRef
Ultrasonographic and cytologic assessments of follicular neoplasms of the thyroid: Predictive features differentiating follicular carcinoma from follicular adenoma
Hye Shin Ahn, Hee Sung Kim, Min Ji Hong, Paula Soares
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(7): e0271437. CrossRef
2019 Practice guidelines for thyroid core needle biopsy: a report of the Clinical Practice Guidelines Development Committee of the Korean Thyroid Association
Chan Kwon Jung, Jung Hwan Baek, Dong Gyu Na, Young Lyun Oh, Ka Hee Yi, Ho-Cheol Kang
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2020; 54(1): 64. CrossRef
Preoperative diagnostic categories of fine needle aspiration cytology for histologically proven thyroid follicular adenoma and carcinoma, and Hurthle cell adenoma and carcinoma: Analysis of cause of under- or misdiagnoses
Hee Young Na, Jae Hoon Moon, June Young Choi, Hyeong Won Yu, Woo-Jin Jeong, Yeo Koon Kim, Ji-Young Choe, So Yeon Park, Paula Soares
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(11): e0241597. CrossRef
Core needle biopsy of thyroid nodules: outcomes and safety from a large single-center single-operator study
Jooae Choe, Jung Hwan Baek, Hye Sun Park, Young Jun Choi, Jeong Hyun Lee
Acta Radiologica.2018; 59(8): 924. CrossRef
Cytological Features That Differentiate Follicular Neoplasm from Mimicking Lesions
Kanghee Han, Hwa-Jeong Ha, Joon Seog Kong, Jung-Soon Kim, Jae Kyung Myung, Jae Soo Koh, Sunhoo Park, Myung-Soon Shin, Woo-Tack Song, Hye Sil Seol, Seung-Sook Lee
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2018; 52(2): 110. CrossRef
Comparison of the Diagnostic Efficacy of Ultrasound‐Guided Core Needle Biopsy With 18‐ Versus 20‐Gauge Needles for Thyroid Nodules
Hye Shin Ahn, Mirinae Seo, Su Min Ha, Hee Sung Kim
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.2018; 37(11): 2565. CrossRef
Subclassification of Bethesda Atypical and Follicular Neoplasm Categories According to Nuclear and Architectural Atypia Improves Discrimination of Thyroid Malignancy Risk
Joel Xue Yi Lim, Min En Nga, Dedrick Kok Hong Chan, Wee Boon Tan, Rajeev Parameswaran, Kee Yuan Ngiam
Thyroid.2018; 28(4): 511. CrossRef
The expression profile of integrin receptors and osteopontin in thyroid malignancies varies depending on the tumor progression rate and presence of BRAF V600E mutation
Galina Chernaya, Nina Mikhno, Tatiana Khabalova, Svetlana Svyatchenko, Lyudmila Mostovich, Sergey Shevchenko, Lyudmila Gulyaeva
Surgical Oncology.2018; 27(4): 702. CrossRef
The Usefulness of Immunocytochemistry of CD56 in Determining Malignancy from Indeterminate Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
Hyunseo Cha, Ju Yeon Pyo, Soon Won Hong
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2018; 52(6): 404. CrossRef
Core Needle Biopsy of the Thyroid: 2016 Consensus Statement and Recommendations from Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology
Dong Gyu Na, Jung Hwan Baek, So Lyung Jung, Ji-hoon Kim, Jin Yong Sung, Kyu Sun Kim, Jeong Hyun Lee, Jung Hee Shin, Yoon Jung Choi, Eun Ju Ha, Hyun Kyung Lim, Soo Jin Kim, Soo Yeon Hahn, Kwang Hwi Lee, Young Jun Choi, Inyoung Youn, Young Joong Kim, Hye Sh
Korean Journal of Radiology.2017; 18(1): 217. CrossRef
Radiofrequency ablation of small follicular neoplasms: initial clinical outcomes
Su Min Ha, Jin Yong Sung, Jung Hwan Baek, Dong Gyu Na, Ji-hoon Kim, Hyunju Yoo, Ducky Lee, Dong Whan Choi
International Journal of Hyperthermia.2017; : 1. CrossRef
A meta‐analytic review of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: Has the rate of malignancy in indeterminate lesions been underestimated?
Patrizia Straccia, Esther Diana Rossi, Tommaso Bizzarro, Chiara Brunelli, Federica Cianfrini, Domenico Damiani, Guido Fadda
Cancer Cytopathology.2015; 123(12): 713. CrossRef
Impact of NRAS Mutations on the Diagnosis of Follicular Neoplasm of the Thyroid
Ja-Seong Bae, Seung Kyu Choi, Sora Jeon, Yourha Kim, Sohee Lee, Youn Soo Lee, Chan Kwon Jung
International Journal of Endocrinology.2014; 2014: 1. CrossRef
Diagnosis of Thyroid Follicular Neoplasm: Fine-Needle Aspiration Versus Core-Needle Biopsy
Ra Gyoung Yoon, Jung Hwan Baek, Jeong Hyun Lee, Young Jun Choi, Min Ji Hong, Dong Eun Song, Jae Kyun Kim, Jong Ho Yoon, Won Bae Kim
Thyroid.2014; 24(11): 1612. CrossRef

Case Reports

A Cutaneous Myoepithelial Carcinoma Arising in a Papillary Eccrine Adenoma.: Ji Han Jung, Soyoung Im, Seok Jin Kang, Gyong Moon Kim, Ki Taik Han, Jin Young Yoo, Chang Suk Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(6):644-649.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.644

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Abstract PDF

Cutaneous myoepithelial neoplasms and papillary eccrine adenomas (PEA) are rare conditions. Malignant tumors within a PEA are even rarer, with only one case reported to date. Herein, we present an extremely rare case of a cutaneous myoepithelial carcinoma arising in a PEA in a 70-year-old man presenting a solid mass in the left buttock. Histopathologically, most of the resected tumor revealed features consistent with the diagnosis of PEA. Some small nests and nodules were intermixed with the PEA and were present adjacent to the PEA. The tumor cells of nests and nodules showed ovoid to spindle shaped nuclei and slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, they were positive for both epithelial and myogenic markers, consistent with myoepithelioma. An inguinal lymph node with a metastatic lesion showed the same findings of myoepithelioma despite inconspicuous atypia. Our case showed malignant transformation of the myoepithelial cells at the outermost layers of the PEA.

Citations

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Papillary eccrine adenoma associated with syringocystadenoma papilliferum
Neha Meena, PrafullaKumar Sharma, Sawan Kumar, Minakshi Bhardwaj
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology.2018; 84(3): 322. CrossRef
Pleural fluid metastases of myoepithelial carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Alicia Calderon Bhambra, Yanhong Zhang, Eric C. Huang, John Bishop, Mahan Matin, Alaa Afify
CytoJournal.2016; 13: 13. CrossRef

Systemic Plasmacytosis: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature.: Sung Hak Lee, Chang Young Yoo, Ji Han Jung, Jin Young Yoo, Suk Jin Kang, Chang Suk Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(6):632-638.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.632

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Abstract PDF

Systemic plasmacytosis is an uncommon disorder characterized by widely disseminated macular skin eruptions composed of polyclonal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates associated with variable extracutaneous involvement. An aggressive clinical course has been observed in a small number of patients, but most cases have followed chronic and benign clinical course without spontaneous remission. Previously reported cases of this entity have been described almost exclusively in Japanese patients. We recently experienced a case of systemic plasmacytosis in a 48-year-old Korean female patient. Initial skin biopsy specimen revealed patchy perivascular and periadnexal infiltrates of mature plasma cells. Serum immunoelectrophoresis revealed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and polyclonal plasmacytosis was noted on the subsequent biopsy specimens of left supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes. Multiple tiny pulmonary nodules appeared six years after the initial cutaneous presentation and were found to be of the same histologic appearance. We herein report a rare case of systemic plasmacytosis with a review of the literature.

Citations

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Cutaneous plasmacytosis with mast cell infiltration
Sarina Jain, RohitV Hede, UdayS Khopkar
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology.2020; 86(1): 91. CrossRef
Plasmocitosis cutánea en un varón de raza blanca
A. López-Gómez, T. Salas-García, A. Ramírez-Andreo, E. Poblet-Martínez
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas.2015; 106(6): 520. CrossRef
Cutaneous Plasmacytosis in a White Man
A. López-Gómez, T. Salas-García, A. Ramírez-Andreo, E. Poblet-Martínez
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition).2015; 106(6): 520. CrossRef

Original Article

Alteration of Apoptosis-Related Proteins (Apaf-1, Caspase-9, Bcl-2, p53, and Survivin) According to Malignant Progression in Cutaneous Melanocytic Lesions.: Yeo Ju Kang, Ji Han Jung, Kwnag Il Yim, Kyo Young Lee, Youn Soo Lee, Seok Jin Kang, Chang Suk Kang, Si Yong Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(3):247-253.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.3.247

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Apoptosis protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), caspase-9, Bcl-2, p53, and survivin are important factors in the pathway of apoptosis, but their clinicopathologic significance remains unclear in human cutaneous melanoma. We investigated the expression of these proteins and their clinical value in human cutaneous melanocytic lesions.
METHODS
We performed an immunohistochemical analysis to examine the expression and distribution of Apaf-1, caspase-9, Bcl-2, p53, and survivin in 36 cases of malignant melanoma (22 cases of primary melanoma and 14 cases of metastatic melanoma) and 41 cases of melanocytic nevus.
RESULTS
The expression of p53 was significantly higher in malignant melanoma than in melanocytic nevus (p<0.01), however the expressions of Apaf-1 and caspase-9 were significantly lower in malignant melanoma compared with melanocytic nevus (p<0.01 and p=0.027, respectively). Also, there was a significant difference for Bcl-2 staining between primary melanomas and metastatic lesions (p=0.004). Nuclear staining for survivin were absent in nevus, but were positive in 14 of 36 melanomas (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The altered expression of Apaf-1, caspase-9, p53, and survivin are considered to be related to malignant progression in human cutaneous melanocytic lesions. Loss of Bcl-2 can be considered as a prognostic marker of malignant melanomas.

Case Reports

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Arising in a Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary: A Case Report.: Soyoung Im, Sun Mi Lee, Ji Han Jung, Hyun Joo Choi, Jinyoung Yoo, Seok Jin Kang, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):322-325.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.322

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Abstract PDF: A 50-year-old female patient presented with anorexia and weight loss. Pelvic computed tomography revealed a 12.5 x 7.3 cm heterogeneous mass in the left ovary. About 30% of the tumor was occupied by a mature cystic teratoma. The remaining solid portion was composed of fibrous and histiocytic elements, arranged in storiform patterns admixed with bizarre giant cells. The mitotic index was 8 per 10 high power fields, including atypical mitoses. The only immunopositivity was for vimentin. The tumor was diagnosed as a malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the third such case in the English language literature.

Complex Bronchopulmonary Foregut Malformation: Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration Communicating with an Esophageal Duplication Cyst: A Case Report.: Soyoung Im, Sun Mi Lee, Ji Han Jung, Jinyoung Yoo, Kyu Do Cho, Seok Jin Kang, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(2):207-210.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.2.207

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Abstract PDF

We report here on a case of a rare, complex bronchopulmonary foregut malformation (BPFM) that was composed of an extralobar pulmonary sequestration communicating with an esophageal duplication cyst. A 33-year-old female presented with an incidentally detected chest mass. The computed tomography revealed a 7.5 x 4.0 cm sized heterogeneous, solid and cystic lesion in the right superior mediastinum. Surgical resection demonstrated the solid portion to be isolated lung tissue invested in its own pleura. A unilocular cyst was communicating with the bronchus of the sequestrated lung, and microscopically the cyst was lined by squamous epithelium overlying the thick layers of smooth muscle. This case is important for understanding the spectrum of BPFMs and for differentiating a mediastinal mass, especially one at the unusual location.

Citations

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Prenatal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and therapeutic options for fetal thoracic anomalies: a pictorial essay
Pablo Caro-Domínguez, Teresa Victoria, Pierluigi Ciet, Estrella de la Torre, Ángel Chimenea Toscano, Lutgardo García Diaz, José Antonio Sainz-Bueno
Pediatric Radiology.2023; 53(10): 2106. CrossRef
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Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Alteration of G1/S Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins in Carcinogenesis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas.: Soyoung Im, Changyoung Yoo, Ji Han Jung, Hyun Joo Choi, Jinyoung Yoo, Seok Jin Kang, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(6):542-549.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.6.542

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Aberration of the cell cycle regulatory proteins has been reported to contribute to the development and progression of human malignancy. We studied the expression of G1/S cell cycle regulatory proteins to investigate the carcinogenesis in cutaneous squamous cell lesions. METHODS: We evaluated the expressions of p16, pRb, cyclin D1 and Ki-67 protein by immunonohistochemistry in cases of normal skin (n=15), seborrheic keratosis (SK; n=26), actinic keratosis (AK; n=30), Bowen's disease (BD; n=37), keratoacanthoma (KA; n=23), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n=22). RESULTS: The Ki-67 expression gradually increased from SK, through AK, to BD. The expression of p16 was more increased in BD than that in AK. The decreased expressions of p16 and Rb, and the increased expression of cyclin D1 were observed to a greater degree in SCC than those in BD. The expressions of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 were higher in SCC than those in KA. CONCLUSIONS: The altered expressions of p16, Rb, and cyclin D1 were considered to be related to the carcinogenesis in the cutaneous squamous cell lesions. Therefore, immunohistochemical studies of the cell cycle regulatory proteins and a combined analysis may be helpful as an adjunct to the histomorphology in the diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell lesions.

Citations

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Expression of pRb, p53, p16 and Cyclin D1 and Their Clinical Implications in Urothelial Carcinoma
Kyungji Lee, Eun Sun Jung, Young-Jin Choi, Kyo Young Lee, Ahwon Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2010; 25(10): 1449. CrossRef

Short Case Report

Schwannoma Arising in a Lymph Node : A Brief Case Report.: Ji Han Jung, Jinyoung Yoo, Seok Jin Kang, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(3):271-273.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.3.271

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Abstract PDF

Intranodal schwannomas are extremely rare and only three cases have currently been reported in the English language literature. We report here on a case of a schwannoma that arose in a retroperitoneal lymph node. A 59-year-old male patient had experienced abdominal discomfort for two months. An abdominal CT scan demonstrated a heterogeneous density mass in the retroperitoneum. Histological examination of the mass identified it as a lymph node due to the presence of a peripheral rim of compressed lymphoid tissue that contained a well-demarcated benign spindle cell tumor in its center. The spindle cells were positive for S-100 protein, and they were negative for smooth muscle actin, desmin, and CD 34. Although an intranodal schwannoma is histologically benign, it is important to distinguish this lesion from an intranodal metastasis of a spindle cell tumor and other common benign spindle cell tumors that can arise in a lymph node.

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Steven H. Adams, Tara L. Huston, Daniel Lozeau
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Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2011; 65(4): 395. CrossRef

Case Report

Papillary Serous Cystadenoma of Borderline Malignancy Arising from a Paramesonephric Parovarian Cyst: A case report.: Ji Han Jung, Youn Soo Lee, Seok Jin Kang, Byung Kee Kim, Sang In Shim; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(6):457-459.

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Abstract PDF: Primary malignant parovarian epithelial tumors are extremely rare, with only 56 cases previously reported in the world literature. Most parovarian epithelial tumors are of paramesonephric (Mullerian) origin. In this article, we report the first case in the Korean literature of papillary serous cystadenoma of borderline malignancy from paramesonephric parovarian cyst. This case presented here is of particular interest since this neoplasm is rare. A 48-year-old female underwent a hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection for a cystic tumor of the right parovarian area. The tumor, measuring 13 cm in diameter, was apart from the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus. The cyst wall had well-developed smooth muscle layers. The cyst was lined with mildly atypical ciliated and non-ciliated low columnar cells compatible with those of paramesonephric origin. From the inner surface of the cyst several cauliflower-like structures projected into the lumen. They were of a predominantly papillary architecture covered by atypical epithelial cells with piling-up and occasional glandular growth. No destructive stromal invasion was identified.

Original Articles

Classification of Gastrointestinal B-cell Lymphoma and Expression of Cyclin D1, bcl-2, bcl-6, p53 Protein and PCNA.: Ji Han Jung, An Hee Lee, Chang Suk Kang, Byung Kee Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(6):437-445.

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Abstract PDF: Until recently, the gastrointestinal lymphomas were classified according to the criteria developed for the node-based lymphomas. In recent years, the REAL classification provided a new category of MALT lymphoma and Mantle cell lymphoma in B-cell lymphomas. Low-grade MALT lymphomas have been well characterized clinically, histologically, and immunophenotypically. We retrospectively recategorized 41 cases of the primary gastrointestinal B-cell lymphoma and investigated the expression of cyclin D1, bcl-2, bcl-6, p53 protein, and PCNA by immunohistochemical method. The cases were categorized in 5 groups, low grade MALToma, low/high grade MALToma, high grade MALToma, diffuse large cell lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma according to the morphological findings. The expression of cyclin D1 protein was restricted to the cases of mantle cell lymphoma. The bcl-2 protein expression was higher in the low grade MALT lymphoma than in the high grade lymphoma (P=0.006). The bcl-2 protein expression was higher in the low grade area than in the high grade area in the low/high grade MALT lymphoma (P=0.005). The bcl-6 and p53 protein expression was higher in the high grade MALT lymphoma than in the low grade lymphoma (P=0.022, P<0.018). However, the bcl-6 protein expression of the tumor cells was higher in high grade area than in low grade area in the low/high grade MALT lymphoma (P=0.004). The degree of the PCNA expression was positively correlated with the grade of the malignant lymphoma (P=0.003). The above results suggest that the cellular proliferation assessed by PCNA index correlates with the histologic grade. And the bcl-2, bcl-6, p53 protein may be effective in the transition from the low grade MALT lymphoma to the high grade lymphoma. Therefore, we can differentiate the low grade lymphoma from the high grade lymphoma by the immunohistochemical staining for cyclin D1, bcl-2, bcl-6, p53 protein and can predict the prognosis of the patients in accordance with the grade of the tumor.

Trichoblastic Fibroma: A Pathologic Analysis of 4 Cases.: Ah Won Lee, Ji Han Jung, Jin Young Yoo, Seok Jin Kang, Byung Kee Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(8):574-580.

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Abstract PDF: Trichoblastic fibroma is a benign trichogenic tumor that has both epithelial and mesenchymal components and exhibits partial follicular induction. We studied 4 cases of trichoblastic fibroma and reviewed their clinical and histologic features. Two tumors were present in the face. The remaining two were in the vulva and perianal area, respectively. The age of the patients ranged from 53 to 68 years, with an average age of 62. All were female. Histologically, the lesions showed a well circumscribed mass, located at dermo-subcutaneous junction in three patients and subcutaneous in one. They demonstrated mesenchymal induction evidenced by hair germ-like structure and perifollicular sheath. There was no connection between the tumor and epidermis. Differentiation toward hair structure led to the formation of the infundibulum through inner root sheath. Trichoblastic fibroma may be confused clinically and/or histologically with basal cell carcinoma. Identification of the mixed epithelial and mesenchymal components, and the absence of epidermal connection and cleft within the stroma are important in differentiating this benign neoplasm from basal cell carcinoma.

Case Reports

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of a Pilomatrixoma Misdiagnosed as Carcinoma: A Case Report.: Ji Han Jung, Young Shin Kim, Kyo Young Lee, Chang Suk Kang, Sang In Shim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1999;10(1):91-96.

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Abstract PDF: Sometimes a pilomatrixoma on upper neck can be misdiagnosed as primary salivary gland tumor, skin adnexal tumor or metastatic carcinoma. On fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC), characteristic features are ghost cells, basaloid cells, and calcium deposits, among which presence of ghost cells seems to be the key to recognize it. Here we present a cytologically misdiagnosed case of pilomatrixoma. A 32-year-old man presented a subcutaneous mass on the right posterior neck. It has grown slowly for 1 year, and was nontender, well circumscribed, hard, and movable mass. An initial FNAC yielded only monomorphic population of highly mitotic basaloid cells, without anucleated ghost cells, chronic inflammatory cells or foreign-body giant cells, suggestive of a poorly differentiated carcinoma. However, that was inconsistent with patient's clinical findings. For further correct diagnosis, FNAC was repeated, which yielded the basaloid cells and foreign-body giant cells. The diagnosis of pilomatrixoma could be made and the mass was excised. This case demonstrates that the pilomatrixoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous aspirates containing not ghost cells but a dominant population of basaloid cells.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Columnar Cell Variant of Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A Case Report .: Ji Han Jung, Kyo Young Lee, Chang Suk Kang, Sang In Shim, Byung Kee Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1999;10(2):179-184.

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Abstract PDF: The columnar cell variant of papillary carcinoma is a rare tumor of the thyroid, associated with aggressive behavior, early metastasis, and a rapidly fatal course. We present the fine needle aspiration cytologic(FNAC) findings of columnar cell variant of papillary carcinoma with cytohistologic correlation. In the smears, the tumor fragments showed mainly papillary pattern and a few scattered individual cells were present around the papillary fragments. The tumor cells were columnar or cuboidal and exhibited pseudostratification of the nuclei. The nuclei were oval to elongated with finely stippled chromatin and inconspicous nucleoli. Neither nuclear grooves nor intracytoplasmic inclusion was found. The FNAC diagnosis was consistent with papillary carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy was done and the histologic finding of the mass showed a predominantly papillary and focal solid proliferation of columar cells with marked nuclear pseudostratification. The unique histopathologic features and highly aggressive nature of columnar cell variant of papillary carcinoma require that this variant should be differeniated from common papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytological Findings of Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma : A Brief Case Report.: Ji Han Jung, Hyun Joo Choi, Jinyoung Yoo, Seok Jin Kang, Chang Suk Kang, Kyo Young Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 2006;17(2):159-161.

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Abstract PDF: Recently, we experienced a case of Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphom (AITL) in a 60-year-old man presented with lymphadenopathy, which is first cytological report in Korea. The cytological features showed a heterogeneous population of small to medium-sized lymphocytes, immunoblasts, and plasma cells. Characteristically, there were also a distinct population of follicular dendritic cells admixed with lymphoid cells, forming the so-called dendritic cell-lymphocyte complexes. Histological features showed the classic morphologic features of AITL. Recognition of the characteristic cytological features can suggest the possibility of AITL.

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